Multinational R&D in China: differentiation and integration of global R&D networks

References

• 1. Almeida, P. , Phene, A. (2004). ‘Subsidiaries and knowledge creation: The influence of the MNC and host country on innovation’. Strategic Management Journal. 25, 8–9, 847-864 Google Scholar
• 2. Almeida, P. , Song, J.Y. , Grant, R.M. (2002). ‘Are firms superior to alliances and markets? An empirical test of cross-border knowledge building’. Organization Science. 13, 2, 147-161 Google Scholar
• 3. Archibugi, D. , Iammarino, S. (2002). ‘The globalization of technological innovation: definition and evidence’. Review of International Political Economy. 9, 1, 98-122 Google Scholar
• 4. Arthur, W.B. (2007). ‘The structure of invention’. Research Policy. 36, 2, 274-287 Google Scholar
• 5. Baldwin, C.Y. , Clark, K.B. (2000). Design Rules: The Power of Modularity. Cambridge, MA:MIT Press Google Scholar
• 6. Bernstein, B. , Singh, P.J. (2006). ‘An integrated innovation process model based on practices of Australian biotechnology firms’. Technovation. 26, 5–6, 561-572 Google Scholar
• 7. Birkinshaw, J. , Hood, N. (1998). ‘Multinational subsidiary evolution: Capability and charter change in foreign-owned subsidiary companies’. Academy of Management Review. 23, 4, 773-795 Google Scholar
• 8. Brem, A. , Voigt, K.I. (2009). ‘Integration of market pull and technology push in the corporate front end and innovation management-insights from the German software industry’. Technovation. 29, 5, 351-367 Google Scholar
• 9. Breznitz, D. , Murphree, M. (2011). Run of the Red Queen: Government, Innovation, Globalization, and Economic Growth in China. New Haven, CT:Yale University Press Google Scholar
• 10. Brown, J.S. , Hagel, J. (2005). ‘Innovation blowback: disruptive management practices from Asia’. McKinsey Quarterly. 1, 34-45 Google Scholar
• 11. Burns, T. , Stalker, G.M. (1961). The Management of Innovation. London:Tavistock Publications Google Scholar
• 12. Cantwell, J. , Granstrand, O. Håkanson, L. Sjölander, S. (1992). ‘The internationalisation of technological activity and its implications for competitiveness’. Technology Management and International Business: Internationalization of R&D and Technology. Chichester; New York:Wiley Google Scholar
• 13. Cantwell, J. (1995). ‘The globalization of technology: what remains of the product cycle model’. Cambridge Journal of Economics. 19, 1, 155-174 Google Scholar
• 14. Chaminade, C. , Vang, J. (2008). ‘Globalisation of knowledge production and regional innovation policy: Supporting specialized hubs in the Bangalore software industry’. Research Policy. 37, 10, 1684-1696 Google Scholar
• 15. Chen, S.H. (2004). ‘Taiwanese it firms’ offshore R&D in china and the connection with the global innovation network’. Research Policy. 33, 2, 337-349 Google Scholar
• 16. Chiesa, V. (2000). ‘Global R&D project management and organization: a taxonomy’. Journal of Product Innovation Management. 17, 5, 341-359 Google Scholar
• 17. Child, J. (1973). ‘Predicting and understanding organization structure’. Administrative Science Quarterly. 18, 2, 168-185 Google Scholar
• 18. De Meyer, A. (1991). ‘Tech talk: how managers are stimulating global R&D communication’. Sloan Management Review. 32, 3, 49-58 Google Scholar
• 19. Du, D. (2009). Multinational R&D in China: Development, Impact, and Policy. Beijing:Science Press Google Scholar
• 20. Du, D. , Sun, Y. , Sheng, L. (2010). ‘The spatial distribution and location trends of the R&D labs by multinational corporations in China’. World Regional Studies. 19, 3, 1-13 Google Scholar
• 21. Eisenhardt, K.M. (1989). ‘Building theories from case-study research’. Academy of Management Review. 14, 4, 532-550 Google Scholar
• 22. Eisenhardt, K.M. , Graebner, M.E. (2007). ‘Theory building from cases: opportunities and challenges’. Academy of Management Journal. 50, 1, 25-32 Google Scholar
• 23. Engardio, P. , Einhorn, B. ‘Outsourcing innovation’. Business Week. 2005, 03, 21, 3925, 51-57 Google Scholar
• 24. Ernst, D. (2005). ‘Complexity and internationalisation of innovation: why is chip design moving to Asia?’. International Journal of Innovation Management. 9, 1, 47-73 Google Scholar
• 25. Ernst, D. (2011). Indigenous Innovation and Globalization: The Challenge for China’s Standardization Strategy. Honolulu, HI:East-West Center Google Scholar
• 26. Ernst, D. , Kim, L. (2002). ‘Global production networks, knowledge diffusion, and local capability formation’. Research Policy. 31, 8–9, 1417-1429 Google Scholar
• 27. Feinberg, S.S. , Gupta, A.K. (2004). ‘Knowledge spillovers and the assignment of R&D responsibilities of foreign subsidiaries’. Strategic Management Journal. 25, 89, 823-845 Google Scholar
• 28. Florida, R. (1997). ‘The globalization of R&D: results of a survey of foreign-affiliated R&D laboratories in the USA’. Research Policy. 26, 1, 85-103 Google Scholar
• 29. Forster, C.J. (2006). China’s Secret Weapon? Science Policy and Global Power. London:The Foreign Policy Centre Google Scholar
• 30. Freeman, C. , Soete, L. (1997). The Economics of Industrial Innovation. Cambridge, Mass:MIT Press Google Scholar
• 31. Gassmann, O. , Han, Z. (2004). ‘Motivations and barriers of foreign R&D activities in China’. R&D Management. 34, 4, 423-437 Google Scholar
• 32. Gassmann, O. , Von Zedtwitz, M. (1998). ‘Organization of industrial R&D on a global scale’. R&D Management. 28, 3, 147-161 Google Scholar
• 33. Ghoshal, S. , Bartlett, C.A. (1990). ‘The multinational-corporation as an interorganizational network’. Academy of Management Review. 15, 4, 603-625 Google Scholar
• 34. Ghoshal, S. , Nohria, N. (1989). ‘Internal differentiation within multinational-corporations’. Strategic Management Journal. 10, 4, 323-337 Google Scholar
• 35. Ghoshal, S. , Korine, H. , Szulanski, G. (1994). ‘Interunit communication in multinational-corporations’. Management Science. 40, 1, 96-110 Google Scholar
• 36. Govindarajan, V. , Ramamurti, R. (2011). ‘Reverse innovation, emerging markets, and global strategy’. Global Strategy Journal. 1, 3–4, 191-205 Google Scholar
• 37. Granstrand, O. , Hakanson, L. , Sjolander, S. (1993). ‘Internationalization of research-and-development – a survey of some recent research’. Research Policy. 22, 5–6, 413-430 Google Scholar
• 38. Grant, R.M. (1996). ‘Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments: organizational capability as knowledge integration’. Organization Science. 7, 4, 375-387 Google Scholar
• 39. Gupta, A.K. , Govindarajan, V. (1991). ‘Knowledge flows and the structure of control within multinational corporations’. Academy of Management Review. 16, 4, 768-792 Google Scholar
• 40. Gupta, A.K. , Govindarajan, V. (2000). ‘Knowledge flows within multinational corporations’. Strategic Management Journal. 21, 4, 473-496 Google Scholar
• 41. Hakanson, L. , Nobel, R. (1993). ‘Determinants of foreign research-and-development in Swedish multinationals’. Research Policy. 22, 5–6, 397-411 Google Scholar
• 42. Hakanson, L. , Zander, U. (1988). ‘International management of R&D: the Swedish experience’. R&D Management. 18, 2, 217-226 Google Scholar
• 43. Hegde, D. , Hicks, D. (2008). ‘The maturation of global corporate R&D: evidence from the activity of U.S. Foreign subsidiaries’. Research Policy. 27, 3, 390-406 Google Scholar
• 44. Henderson, R.M. , Clark, K.B. (1990). ‘Architectural innovation: the reconfiguration of existing product technologies and the failure of established firms’. Administrative Science Quarterly. 35, 1, 9-30 Google Scholar
• 45. Hickson, D.J. , Hinings, C.R. , Lee, C.A. , Schneck, R.E. , Pennings, J.M. (1971). ‘Strategic contingencies theory of intraorganizational power’. Administrative Science Quarterly. 16, 2, 216-229 Google Scholar
• 46. Hoopes, D.G. , Madsen, T.L. , Walker, G. (2003). ‘Guest editors’ introduction to the special issue: Why is there a resource-based view? – Toward a theory of competitive heterogeneity’. Strategic Management Journal. 24, 10, 889-902 Google Scholar
• 47. Immelt, J.R. , Govindarajan, V. , Trimble, C. (2009). ‘How GE is disrupting itself’. Harvard Business Review. 87, 10, 56-66 Google Scholar
• 48. Kenney, M. , Florida, R. (1994). ‘The organization and geography of Japanese research-and-development – results from a survey of Japanese electronics and biotechnology firms’. Research Policy. 23, 3, 305-323 Google Scholar
• 49. King, D.A. (2004). ‘The scientific impact of nations’. Nature. 430, 6997, 311-316 Google Scholar
• 50. Kuemmerle, W. (1997). ‘Building effective R&D capabilities abroad’. Harvard Business Review. 75, 2, 61-70 Google Scholar
• 51. Kuemmerle, W. (1999a). ‘Foreign direct investment in industrial research in the pharmaceutical and electronics industries – results from a survey of multinational firms’. Research Policy. 28, 2–3, 179-193 Google Scholar
• 52. Kuemmerle, W. (1999b). ‘The drivers of foreign direct investment into research and development: an empirical investigation’. Journal of International Business Studies. 30, 1, 1-24 Google Scholar
• 53. Kumar, N. , Aggarwal, A. (2005). ‘Liberalization, outward orientation and in-house R&D activity of multinational and local firms: a quantitative exploration for Indian manufacturing’. Research Policy. 34, 4, 441-460 Google Scholar
• 54. Lawrence, P.R. , Lorsch, J.W. (1967). ‘Differentiation and integration in complex organizations’. Administrative Science Quarterly. 12, 1, 1-47 Google Scholar
• 55. Lawson, C. , Lorenz, E. (1999). ‘Collective learning, tacit knowledge and regional innovative capacity’. Regional Studies. 33, 4, 305-317 Google Scholar
• 56. Le Bas, C. , Sierra, C. (2002). ‘‘Location versus home country advantages’ in R&D activities: some further results on multinationals’ locational strategies’. Research Policy. 31, 4, 589-609 Google Scholar
• 57. Lewin, A.Y. , Massini, S. , Peeters, C. (2009). ‘Why are companies offshoring innovation? The emerging global race for talent’. Journal of International Business Studies. 40, 6, 901-925 Google Scholar
• 58. Liang, Z. , Xue, L. , Zhu, Q. , Zhu, X. (2008). ‘Globalization of R&D and local knowledge flow: Empirical analysis based on MNC’S R&D subsidiaries in Beijing’. Journal of World Economy. 31, 2, 3-16 Google Scholar
• 59. Liu, F.C. , Simon, D.F. , Sun, Y-T. , Cao, C. (2011). ‘China’s innovation policies: evolution, institutional structure, and trajectory’. Research Policy. 40, 7, 917-931 Google Scholar
• 60. Lu, L.Y.Y. , Liu, J.S. (2004). ‘R&D in China: an empirical study of Taiwanese IT companies’. R&D Management. 34, 4, 453-465 Google Scholar
• 61. Lundvall, B.A. , Dosi, G. Freeman, C. Nelson, R. Silverberg, G. Soete, L. (1988). ‘Innovation as an interactive process: From user-producer interaction to the national system of innovation’. Technical Change and Economic Theory. London:Pinter Publishers Google Scholar
• 62. Mansfield, E. , Teece, D. , Romeo, A. (1979). ‘Overseas research and development by United States based firms’. Economica. 46, 182, 187-196 Google Scholar
• 63. March, J.G. , Simon, H.A. (1958). Organizations. New York, NY:Wiley Google Scholar
• 64. Markusen, A. (1996). ‘Sticky places in slippery space: a typology of industrial districts’. Economic Geography. 72, 3, 293-313 Google Scholar
• 65. Motohashi, K. (2010). ‘R&D activities of manufacturing multinationals in china: structure, motivations and regional differences’. China & World Economy. 18, 6, 56-72 Google Scholar
• 66. Mowery, D. , Rosenberg, N. (1979). ‘Influence of market demand upon innovation: critical review of some recent empirical studies’. Research Policy. 8, 2, 102-153 Google Scholar
• 67. Mowery, D.C. , Rosenberg, N. , Nelson, R.R. (1993). ‘The U.S. National innovation system’. National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis. New York:Oxford University Press Google Scholar
• 68. Niosi, J. , Godin, B. (1999). ‘Canadian R&D abroad management practices’. Research Policy. 28, 2–3, 215-230 Google Scholar
• 69. Nobel, R. , Birkinshaw, J. (1998). ‘Innovation in multinational corporations: Control and communication patterns in international R&D operations’. Strategic Management Journal. 19, 5, 479-496 Google Scholar
• 70. Nonaka, I.O. , Takeuchi, H. (1995). The Knowledge-Creating Company. Oxford:Oxford University Press Google Scholar
• 71. NSF (2007). Asia’s Rising Science and Technology Strength: Comparative Indicators for Asia, the European Union, and the United States. Arlington, VA, NSF 07-319 Google Scholar
• 72. Odagiri, H. , Yasuda, H. (1996). ‘The determinants of overseas R&D by Japanese firms: an empirical study at the industry and company levels’. Research Policy. 25, 7, 1059-1079 Google Scholar
• 73. OECD (2008). Recent Trends in the Internationalsation of R&D in the Enterprise Sector. Paris:OECD , Special session on globalisation Google Scholar
• 74. Padilla-Perez, R. (2008). ‘A regional approach to study technology transfer through foreign direct investment: the electronics industry in two Mexican regions’. Research Policy. 37, 5, 849-860 Google Scholar
• 75. Patel, P. , Pavitt, K. , Barrell, R. Mason, G. O’Mahony, M. (2000). ‘National systems of innovation under strain: the internalisation of corporate R&D’. Productivity, Innovation and Economic Performance. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press , 217-235 Google Scholar
• 76. Pavitt, K. (1998). ‘Technologies, products and organization in the innovating firm: what Adam Smith tells us and Joseph Schumpeter doesn’t’. Industrial and Corporate Change. 7, 3, 433-452 Google Scholar
• 77. Pavitt, K. , Patel, P. , Archibugi, D. , Howells, J. , Michie, J. (1999). ‘Global corporations and national systems of innovation: Who dominates whom?’. Innovation Policy in a Global Economy. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press , 94-119 Google Scholar
• 78. Pearce, R.D. (1989). The Internationalisation of Research and Development by Multinational Enterprises. New York:St. Martin’s Press Google Scholar
• 79. Peteraf, M.A. (1993). ‘The cornerstones of competitive advantage – a resource-based view’. Strategic Management Journal. 14, 3, 179-191 Google Scholar
• 80. Pfeffer, J. , Salancik, G.R. (1974). ‘Organizational decision making as a political process – case of a university budget’. Administrative Science Quarterly. 19, 2, 135-151 Google Scholar
• 81. Prahalad, C.K. , Hamel, G. (1990). ‘The core competence of the corporation’. Harvard Business Review. 68, 3, 79-91 Google Scholar
• 82. Quan, X. , Chesbrough, H. (2010). ‘Hierarchical segmentation of R&D process and intellectual property protection: Evidence from multinational R&D laboratories in China’. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. 57, 1, 9-21 Google Scholar
• 83. Reddy, P. (2010). Global Innovation in Emerging Economies. Florence, KY:Routledge Google Scholar
• 84. Ronstadt, R. (1977). Research and Development Abroad by U.S. Multinationals. New York:Praeger Publishers Google Scholar
• 85. Rosenberg, N. (1969). ‘Direction of technological change: inducement mechanisms and focusing devices’. Economic Development and Cultural Change. 18, 1, 1-24 Google Scholar
• 86. Salancik, G.R. , Pfeffer, J. (1974). ‘Bases and use of power in organizational decision making – case of a university’. Administrative Science Quarterly. 19, 4, 453-473 Google Scholar
• 87. Saxenian, A. (1994). Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press Google Scholar
• 88. Schmookler, J. (1966). Invention and Economic Growth. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press Google Scholar
• 89. Schwaag-Serger, S. , Parayil, G. D’Costa, A.P. (2009). ‘Foreign corporate R&D in China: trends and policy issues’. The New Asian Innovation Dynamics: China and India in Perspective. New York:Palgrave Macmillan Google Scholar
• 90. Sherwin, C.W. , Isenson, R.S. (1967). ‘Project hindsight’. Science. 156, 3782, 1571-1577 Google Scholar
• 91. Sun, Y. (2010). ‘Foreign research and development in China: a sectoral approach’. International Journal of Technology Management. 51, 2, 342-363 Abstract, Google Scholar
• 92. Teece, D.J. (1976). The Multinational Corporation and the Resource Cost of International Technology Transfer. Cambridge, MA:Ballinger Pub. Co. Google Scholar
• 93. Thompson, J.D. (1967). Organizations in Action; Social Science Bases of Administrative Theory. New York, NY:McGraw-Hill Google Scholar
• 94. Thursby, J. , Thursby, M. (2006). Here or There? A Survey of Factors in Multinational R&D Location: Report to the Government/University/Industry Research Roundtable. Washington, DC:The National Academy Press Google Scholar
• 95. UNCTAD (2005). World Investment Report. New York, NY:UNCTAD Google Scholar
• 96. UNIDO (2001). Development of Clusters and Networks of SMEs. Vienna:UNIDO Google Scholar
• 97. Van de Ven, A.H. , Delbecq, A.L. , Koenig, R. (1976). ‘Determinants of coordination modes within organizations’. American Sociological Review. 41, 2, 322-338 Google Scholar
• 98. Von Zedtwitz, M. (2004). ‘Managing foreign R&D laboratories in China’. R&D Management. 34, 4, 439-452 Google Scholar
• 99. Von Zedtwitz, M. , Gassmann, O. (2002). ‘Market versus technology drive in R&D internationalization: Four different patterns of managing research and development’. Research Policy. 31, 4, 569-588 Google Scholar
• 100. Von Zedtwitz, M. , Ikeda, T. , Gong, L. , Carpenter, R. , Hamalainen, S. (2007). ‘Managing foreign R&D in China’. Research-Technology Management. 50, 3, 19-27 Google Scholar
• 101. Walsh, K.A. (2007). ‘China R&D: a high-tech field of dreams’. Asia Pacific Business Review. 13, 3, 321-335 Google Scholar
• 102. Wang, J. , Xue, L. , Liang, Z. (2012). ‘Multinational R&D in China: from home-country-based to host-country-based’. Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice. 14, 2, 192-202 Google Scholar
• 103. Weber, M. (1947). The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. Glencoe, IL:Free Press Google Scholar
• 104. Xue, L. , Liang, Z. , Rowen, H.S. Hancock, M.G. Miller, W.F. (2008). ‘Multinational R&D in China: Myths and realities’. Greater China’s Quest for Innovation. Stanford, CA:Shorenstein APARC , 103-122 Google Scholar
• 105. Xue, L. , Shen, Q. , Wang, S. (2002). ‘Corporate R&D globalisation: an empirical study of the industrial distribution of multinationals’ autonomous R&D centres in China’. Management World. 22, 3, 33-42 Google Scholar
• 106. Xue, L. , Wang, S. , Shen, Q. (2001). ‘Why multinationals set up R&D labs in China: an empirical analysis’. Science Research Management. 22, 4, 132-143 Google Scholar
• 107. Yin, R.K. (2009). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Los Angeles, CA:Sage Publications Google Scholar