Life cycle assessment of household hazardous waste management options for Semarang City, Indonesia

Hazardous and toxic materials are not only produced by industrial sectors, but also by household sector. Unfortunately, no established regulation and standard operational procedure was found for handling household hazardous waste (HHW) in Indonesia. The research aimed to produce the most effective and efficient scenario of HHW. This research used life cycle assessment (LCA) approach according to ISO 14040:2006 by using 150 kg of HHW. The LCIA method used was IPCC 2007 by using Simapro (version 7.1) and TDEP's guidelines. The result show, characteristic of HHW in Semarang was consist of corrosive (1.9%), ignitable/reactive (5.8%), toxic (17.4%), and infectious (74.9%). HHW generation is 0.01 kg/person/day or 0.0591 l/person/day. Estimated HHW generation in 2014 reach 16.003 tons/day or 94.415 m³/day. Scenario 2 with recycling HHW is the best scenario. The impact of GHG emissions is only about 135.25 kgCO₂ eq. This scenario can reduce impact of 17.57% compared with current conditions.